济南气候湿润多尘，通风管道易因水汽、粉尘堆积产生锈蚀，影响通风效率与空气质量。针对不同锈蚀程度和材质，可采用以下实用除锈技巧：

　　Jinan has a humid and dusty climate, and ventilation ducts are prone to rusting due to the accumulation of water vapor and dust, which affects ventilation efficiency and air quality. For different degrees and materials of rust, the following practical rust removal techniques can be used:

　　轻度锈蚀（少量锈迹，无明显坑洼）用手工清理。硬毛刷（钢丝刷适用于碳钢管，铜丝刷适合镀锌管）沿纹理刷洗，去除浮锈和粉尘。残留锈迹用 80-120 目砂纸轻磨，缝隙处用除锈棉片包裹筷子清理。清理后用清水擦净晾干，涂刷防锈底漆形成保护膜。

　　Mild rust (with a small amount of rust and no obvious potholes) should be cleaned manually. A hard bristled brush (wire brush suitable for carbon steel pipes, copper wire brush suitable for galvanized pipes) is used to brush along the texture to remove floating rust and dust. Gently grind the residual rust with 80-120 grit sandpaper, and clean the gaps with rust removal cotton wrapped in chopsticks. After cleaning, wipe clean with clean water and air dry. Apply anti rust primer to form a protective film.

　　中度锈蚀（锈迹面积大，轻微凹陷）需化学辅助。调制 5%-8% 的磷酸基中性除锈剂，喷雾瓶喷洒后静置 5-10 分钟，用塑料刮板轻刮。法兰、接口处用蘸剂抹布包裹 15 分钟后擦拭。处理后清水冲洗至中性（pH 试纸检测），晾干后涂防锈漆和面漆提升防腐效果。

　　Moderate rust (large rust area, slight depression) requires chemical assistance. Mix 5% -8% phosphoric acid based neutral rust remover, spray it with a spray bottle, leave it for 5-10 minutes, and gently scrape it with a plastic scraper. Wrap the flange and interface with a dipping cloth for 15 minutes and wipe them clean. After treatment, rinse with clean water until neutral (pH test paper detection), dry and apply anti rust paint and topcoat to enhance the anti-corrosion effect.

　　重度锈蚀（锈层厚，有孔洞或穿孔风险）需机械除锈加修补。小型管道用手持角磨机装钢丝轮片，沿轴向 45° 角打磨，避免停留过久；大型固定管道用喷砂除锈（石英砂或铜矿砂，粒度 0.5-2mm），适合开阔场所。除锈后，深度超 0.5mm 的坑洼用环氧腻子填补打磨，小孔用同材质补丁（大 3-5cm）焊接（碳钢管）或粘胶（镀锌管）固定，再整体涂防锈漆。

　　Severe rust (thick rust layer, risk of holes or perforations) requires mechanical rust removal and repair. Use a handheld angle grinder to install steel wire wheels on small pipelines, and polish them at a 45 ° angle along the axial direction to avoid staying for too long; Sandblasting rust removal (quartz sand or copper sand, particle size 0.5-2mm) is suitable for large fixed pipelines in open areas. After rust removal, pits with a depth exceeding 0.5mm should be filled and polished with epoxy putty. Small holes should be fixed with patches of the same material (3-5cm in size) welded (carbon steel pipe) or glued (galvanized pipe), and then coated with anti rust paint as a whole.

　　济南潮湿天气的预防很重要。除锈后可涂带锈转化剂，将残留锈层转为稳定保护膜，适合管道内侧。日常每 3-6 个月用干布擦拭，保持通风口通畅；法兰接口缠聚四氟乙烯胶带，增强密封与隔湿。潮湿区域管道附近放硅胶干燥剂，外壁包保温棉减少冷凝水。

　　Preventing humid weather in Jinan is very important. After rust removal, a rust conversion agent can be applied to convert the residual rust layer into a stable protective film, suitable for the inside of the pipeline. Wipe with a dry cloth every 3-6 months to keep the ventilation openings unobstructed; Wrap polytetrafluoroethylene tape around the flange interface to enhance sealing and moisture insulation. Place silicone desiccant near the pipeline in damp areas, and wrap the outer wall with insulation cotton to reduce condensation.

　　不同材质需区别处理：镀锌管避免硬质钢丝刷和强酸，用化学除锈剂配合软布；不锈钢管局部锈斑用专用除锈膏，20 分钟后洗净抛光；铝制管需专用除锈剂，防电化学腐蚀。

　　Different materials need to be treated differently: galvanized pipes should avoid hard steel wire brushes and strong acids, and use chemical rust removers combined with soft cloth; Use specialized rust removal paste for local rust spots on stainless steel pipes, clean and polish after 20 minutes; Aluminum pipes require specialized rust remover to prevent electrochemical corrosion.

　　这些技巧能有效应对济南通风管道锈蚀，恢复性能、延长寿命、保障空气质量。操作时选合适方法，做好防护（戴手套、护目镜），确保安全高效。

　　These techniques can effectively address the corrosion of ventilation ducts in Jinan, restore performance, extend lifespan, and ensure air quality. Choose appropriate methods during operation, take protective measures (wear gloves, goggles), and ensure safety and efficiency.

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