根据工艺要求，本机库项目设计了油箱机械排风系统，将其中的残油挥发气体排出室外。排风管经过地面设备（专用地井）中的快速接头和软管与油箱相连。排风总管直埋敷设，经过滤后由设置于机库外的防爆风机高空排放。其排风系统为防爆排风系统，排风机及电机采用防爆型，风管、排风机需采取防静电接地措施，排风机的进风口、出风口的柔性连接管和风管法兰两端应用导线跨接，风管均采用密实焊接、非燃烧材料制作。

　　According to the process requirements, this hangar project has designed a mechanical exhaust system for the fuel tank to discharge the residual oil volatile gases outdoors. The exhaust duct is connected to the fuel tank through a quick connector and hose in the ground equipment (dedicated well). The exhaust duct is directly buried and installed, and after filtration, it is discharged at high altitude by explosion-proof fans installed outside the hangar. The exhaust system is an explosion-proof exhaust system, and the exhaust fan and motor are explosion-proof. Anti static grounding measures need to be taken for the air ducts and exhaust fans. The flexible connecting pipes and flanges at the inlet and outlet of the exhaust fan should be crossed with wires, and the air ducts are made of dense welding and non combustible materials.

　　一、风管加工制作及安装的要求

　　1、 Requirements for processing, manufacturing, and installation of air ducts

　　油箱通风系统埋地管道采用无缝钢管，地上架空排风管道采用2.0?mm厚304号不锈钢板焊接制作，焊接连接。因避免不满足排放标准的有毒有害气体泄漏，不锈钢管道的制作及安装连接采用氩弧焊。油箱通风系统共18个排风系统，每个排风系统不锈钢管管道规格为最大直径500mm，最小300mm×400mm，管道长度共计25m，其中水平管道10m竖直管道15m。

　　The buried pipeline of the fuel tank ventilation system adopts seamless steel pipes, and the overhead exhaust pipeline on the ground adopts 2.0? Welding production and connection of mm thick 304 stainless steel plate. To avoid the leakage of toxic and harmful gases that do not meet emission standards, argon arc welding is used for the production, installation, and connection of stainless steel pipelines. The fuel tank ventilation system has a total of 18 exhaust systems, each with stainless steel pipes with a maximum diameter of 500mm and a minimum diameter of 300mm × 400mm. The total length of the pipes is 25m, including 10m horizontal pipes and 15m vertical pipes.

　　建设单位对风管加工制作及安装的工期、质量和安全方面的要求十分严格。当现场满足施工条件时，该排风系统立即施工往下进行，以便达到节约施工时间的目的；质量方面采用风管的加工制作及连接都在风管加工厂制作（碰头连接除外），这样避免了因场地不平整影响风管连接的垂直度。因每个油箱通风系统排风不锈钢风管立管都位于室外空旷地带，设计给出风管置于方形支架内部，方形支架由角钢焊接制作。并通过槽钢将不锈钢风管固定在方形支架内。所以合理选择304号不锈钢风管的加工制作及安装方式，决定了不锈钢风管能否保障对质量、观感及进度的要求。

　　The construction unit has very strict requirements for the construction period, quality, and safety of air duct processing, manufacturing, and installation. When the construction conditions are met on site, the exhaust system will immediately proceed to save construction time; In terms of quality, the processing, production, and connection of air ducts are all carried out in the air duct processing factory (except for joint connections), which avoids the impact of uneven site on the verticality of air duct connections. Due to the fact that each fuel tank ventilation system exhaust stainless steel duct riser is located in an outdoor open area, the design proposes that the duct be placed inside a square bracket, which is welded with angle steel. And fix the stainless steel air duct in the square bracket through channel steel. Therefore, the reasonable selection of processing, manufacturing, and installation methods for 304 stainless steel air ducts determines whether the stainless steel air ducts can meet the requirements for quality, appearance, and progress.

　　二、风管加工制作方式的确立及存在的问题

　　2、 The establishment and existing problems of air duct processing and manufacturing methods

　　1.风管加工制作方式的选择（1）风管加工流水线主要机械设备：裁板机、卷圆机、激光切割机组、氩弧自动焊机床、铆钉机、氩弧焊机、卷板机、法兰卷圆机、折板机。每台设备须配备专业技术操作人员，风管加工制作之前需对技术操作人员进行考核，考核合格后方可持证上岗。（2）风管材料的选择：由于不锈钢板材规格为标准尺寸，所以要选择一种节约材料、加工工艺简单、风管质量符合要求、观感性强、安装方便的板材规格尤为重要。常见的2.0厚304号不锈钢板卷材规格宽度为1?000?mm、1?219?mm、1?500?mm、1?800?mm。根据这几种不锈钢板材的宽度在满足图纸要求、施工质量验收规范和通风管道技术规程的同时，还须考虑风管加工工艺的难易程度、材料的损耗问题、风管安装的难易程度及工期等因素，综合以上对比分析得出选用的风管板材为不锈钢卷材规格宽度1?219?mm最佳。其理由如下。

　　1. Selection of air duct processing and manufacturing methods: (1) The main mechanical equipment of the air duct processing assembly line includes cutting machine, coiling machine, laser cutting unit, argon arc automatic welding machine bed, riveting machine, argon arc welding machine, coiling machine, flange coiling machine, and folding plate machine. Each device must be equipped with professional technical operators. Before the processing and production of air ducts, the technical operators must be assessed and qualified before they can work with certificates. (2) The selection of air duct materials: As the stainless steel plate specifications are standard sizes, it is particularly important to choose a plate specification that saves materials, has simple processing technology, meets the required air duct quality, has strong visual appeal, and is easy to install. What is the width of a common 2.0mm 304 stainless steel plate coil? 000? mm、1? 219? mm、1? 500? mm、1? 800? Mm. Based on the width of these stainless steel plates, while meeting the requirements of the drawings, construction quality acceptance standards, and ventilation duct technical regulations, factors such as the difficulty of the air duct processing technology, material loss, the difficulty of air duct installation, and the construction period must also be considered. Taking into account the above comparative analysis, the selected air duct plate is a stainless steel coil with a specification width of 1 mm? 219? Mm is the best. The reasons are as follows.

　　1）管道预制加工工艺简单：根据GB?50243—2016《通风与空调施工质量验收规范》中规定“当中压、高压系统风管管段长度大于1?250?mm 时，应采取加固框补强措施”，此处选用的不锈钢卷材加工制作出的风管长度不超过1219，则不须采取风管加固措施，节省了风管加工制作时间，为现场风管施工安装的顺利开展提供了支持。

　　1) The prefabrication process of pipelines is simple: according to the GB 50243-2016 "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Ventilation and Air Conditioning", "when the length of the air duct section of medium and high pressure systems is greater than 1.250 mm, reinforcement frame reinforcement measures should be taken". If the length of the air duct made by processing stainless steel coil used here does not exceed 1219, no air duct reinforcement measures are required, saving time for air duct processing and production, and providing support for the smooth implementation of on-site air duct construction and installation.

　　2）风管美观度得到了保障和风管加工制作成本大幅降低：根据JGJ/T?141–2017《通风管道技术》得知“直缝圆形风管的直径大于或等于800?mm且管段长度大于1?250?mm或总表面积大于4?m?时，可采用法兰形式加固”。此处不需采取风管加固措施，即不采用法兰形式加固，使得置于室外机库的通风管道表面观感更加平整。让过往的乘客眼中毫无违和感，在满足规范要求的同时使风管的美观度得到了保障。同时每根不锈钢风管节省了两支不锈钢法兰及其配件，并使得风管减少了两道焊口，极大程度上降低了材料费用及人工费用，从而导致风管加工制作成本大幅降低。

　　2) The aesthetic appeal of the air duct has been guaranteed and the cost of processing and manufacturing the air duct has been significantly reduced: according to JGJ/T? 141-2017 "Ventilation Duct Technology" learned that "the diameter of a straight seam circular duct is greater than or equal to 800 μ m and the length of the duct section is greater than 1 μ m? 250? Mm or total surface area greater than 4? When m?, flange reinforcement can be used. There is no need to take air duct reinforcement measures here, that is, flange reinforcement is not used, so that the surface of the ventilation duct placed in the outdoor hangar looks smoother. Allowing passing passengers to have no sense of discomfort in their eyes, while meeting regulatory requirements, ensuring the aesthetic appeal of the air ducts. At the same time, each stainless steel air duct saves two stainless steel flanges and their accessories, and reduces two welding joints in the air duct, greatly reducing material and labor costs, resulting in a significant reduction in the processing and manufacturing costs of the air duct.

　　3）材料损耗的降低：该工程选用的风管板材为不锈钢卷材规格宽度1?219?mm，即把不锈钢卷材规格宽度1?219?mm侧作为风管的长度进行加工，利用裁板机根据风管周长将不锈钢卷材进行切割，利用卷圆机将裁好的不锈钢卷材加工成圆形风管，后利用氩弧自动焊机床将不锈钢圆形风管进行焊接合成。由此可看出极大程度上降低了板材的损耗，这样不锈钢板材几乎零损耗，且每节风管的制作加工裁板机只需切割一次，延长了裁板机及其配件的使用寿命，减少了风管加工制作周期；相应地降低了人工操作机器次数及人工搬运风管次数，节约了人工成本。

　　3) Reduction of material loss: The air duct sheet selected for this project is stainless steel coil with a specification width of 1? 219? mm， Which is the width of the stainless steel coil specification 1? 219? The mm side is processed as the length of the air duct, and the stainless steel coil is cut according to the circumference of the air duct using a cutting machine. The cut stainless steel coil is processed into a circular air duct using a coiling machine, and then the stainless steel circular air duct is welded together using an argon arc automatic welding machine. From this, it can be seen that the loss of the sheet metal has been greatly reduced, resulting in almost zero loss of stainless steel sheet metal. In addition, each section of the air duct only needs to be cut once by the cutting machine, which extends the service life of the cutting machine and its accessories and reduces the processing and production cycle of the air duct; Correspondingly, the number of manual machine operations and manual handling of air ducts has been reduced, saving labor costs.

　　2.风管加工方式的确定设计要求油箱通风系统地上架空排风管道采用2.0?mm厚304号不锈钢板焊接制作，焊接连接。圆形风管常见的连接方式有两种：一种法兰连接、一种无法兰连接。采用法兰焊接连接的方式：增加材料304号不锈钢L30×4法兰两支、固定法兰焊口两道。果断放弃此浪费材料费及人工费的不锈钢风管加工制作方案，确立圆形不锈钢风管采用无法兰连接的加工制作方式。首次预制，裁板机从不锈钢卷材上切割下来不锈钢板，经卷板机卷成圆管状的两节风管，中心对齐后，采用对焊的方式将两节不锈钢风管进行连接。出现了下列问题。

　　2. The determination of the processing method for the air duct requires that the above ground overhead exhaust duct of the fuel tank ventilation system adopt 2.0? Welding production and connection of mm thick 304 stainless steel plate. There are two common connection methods for circular air ducts: flange connection and non flange connection. Adopting flange welding connection method: adding two sets of 304 stainless steel L30 × 4 flanges and fixing two flange welds. Resolutely abandon the stainless steel duct processing and manufacturing plan that wastes material and labor costs, and establish a processing and manufacturing method for circular stainless steel ducts that cannot be connected by a flange. For the first prefabrication, the stainless steel plate is cut from the stainless steel coil by a cutting machine, and then rolled into two circular tube shaped air ducts by a coiling machine. After aligning the centers, the two stainless steel air ducts are connected by butt welding. The following issues have occurred.

　　（1）不锈钢卷材经焊接加热后出现了应力变形，管道变形严重，影响观感。

　　(1) The stainless steel coil undergoes stress deformation after welding and heating, causing severe deformation of the pipeline and affecting its appearance.

　　（2）不锈钢风管连接处不平整且有焊瘤、焊渣及飞溅物。对此，直接否定了不锈钢风管采用对焊的连接方式。经查阅通风与空调施工质量验收规范得知圆形风管无法兰连接方式有：承插连接、带加强筋承插、角钢加固承插、芯管连接、立筋抱箍连接、抱箍连接、内胀芯管连接。设计要求油箱通风系统地上架空排风管道采用2.0?mm厚304号不锈钢板焊接制作，焊接连接。而规范里圆形风管无法兰连接方式没有焊接连接的方式，经讨论决定借鉴圆形风管无法兰连接中的“立筋抱箍连接”方式。

　　(2) The connection of the stainless steel air duct is uneven and has weld beads, welding slag, and splashes. This directly denies the use of butt welding connection method for stainless steel air ducts. After consulting the construction quality acceptance standards for ventilation and air conditioning, it was found that the flange free connection methods for circular air ducts include socket connection, reinforced bar socket, angle steel reinforced socket, core pipe connection, vertical bar clamp connection, clamp connection, and internal expansion core pipe connection. Design requirement: The above ground overhead exhaust duct of the fuel tank ventilation system should be 2.0? Welding production and connection of mm thick 304 stainless steel plate. However, in the standard, there is no welding connection method for circular air ducts without flanges. After discussion, it was decided to refer to the "vertical reinforcement hoop connection" method in circular air ducts without flanges.

　　3.改进后不锈钢风管加工制作的方法采用圆形风管无法兰连接中的“立筋抱箍连接”方式，不锈钢风管的加工制作方法为：激光切割机组从宽度为1?220?mm的不锈钢卷材上切割下来长度为1?570?mm的不锈钢板；经卷板机卷成直径500?mm的圆管状风管；利用氩弧自动焊机床将风管不锈钢板材进行焊接连接；然后折板机将风管两端进行90°扳边，扳边宽度为15?mm。此扳边宽度为15?mm，由首次预制时两节风管采用对焊连接得出焊缝周围15?mm范围外风管板材不会因焊接受影响得出。该范围内管道不会因焊接板材受热应力形变导致的不平整，几乎不存在焊瘤、焊渣及飞溅物。

　　3. The improved method for processing and manufacturing stainless steel air ducts adopts the "vertical reinforcement hoop connection" method in the flange free connection of circular air ducts. The processing and manufacturing method of stainless steel air ducts is as follows: the laser cutting unit is used to cut from a width of 1? 220? What is the length of 1 cut from mm stainless steel coil? 570? Mm stainless steel plate; Roll the machine into a diameter of 500? Mm round tubular air duct; Use an argon arc automatic welding machine bed to weld and connect the stainless steel plates of the air ducts; Then the folding machine will bend the edges of the air duct at both ends by 90 degrees, with a width of 15 degrees? Mm. The width of this edge is 15? mm， During the initial prefabrication, two sections of air ducts were connected by butt welding, resulting in a circumference of 15 degrees around the weld seam? The air duct sheet outside the mm range will not be affected by welding acceptance. The pipeline within this range will not be uneven due to thermal stress deformation of the welded plate, and there are almost no weld beads, welding slag, or splashes.

　　4.连接风阀、设备软接、埋地无缝管不锈钢风管加工制作的方式因风阀及设备软接等风管部件存在使用周期短、易损坏的问题，所以如果风管部件与风管采用焊接连接的话，以后更换不便。经我方与设计沟通后，设计同意在保证风管严密性的前提下风阀及设备软接等部件与风管的连接的特殊部位可采用法兰螺栓连接。在风阀及设备软接加工订货前要求这些风管部件的法兰为304号不锈钢材质，以便于风管法兰与这些风管部件的法兰螺栓连接。

　　4. The method of processing and manufacturing stainless steel air ducts for connecting air valves, equipment soft joints, and buried seamless pipes is inconvenient to replace in the future if the air duct components are welded to the air duct due to the short service life and easy damage of air valve and equipment soft joints and other air duct components. After communication with our design team, it has been agreed that flange bolts can be used to connect special parts of components such as air valves and equipment soft joints to the air duct, while ensuring the tightness of the air duct. Before ordering the air valve and equipment soft joint processing, it is required that the flanges of these air duct components be made of 304 stainless steel material, in order to facilitate the connection of the air duct flanges with the flange bolts of these air duct components.

　　该油箱通风系统埋地管道采用无缝钢管，地上架空排风管道采用2.0?mm厚304号不锈钢风管，由于不锈钢风管与埋地无缝钢管材质不同，不能直接进行焊接连接，也只能采用螺栓连接法兰的方案。首先将无缝钢管焊接上一只碳素钢法兰，除锈刷镀锌漆做防腐。然后不锈钢风管连接无缝管侧安装一只镀锌法兰，满足规范“不锈钢风管与法兰铆接时，应采用不锈钢铆钉；法兰及连接螺栓为碳素钢时，其表面应采用镀铬或镀锌等防腐措施”的要求。最后利用螺栓将不锈钢风管法兰与无缝钢管法兰进行连接。

　　The underground pipeline of the fuel tank ventilation system adopts seamless steel pipes, and the overhead exhaust pipeline on the ground adopts 2.0? Mm thick 304 stainless steel air duct, due to the difference in material between stainless steel air duct and buried seamless steel pipe, cannot be directly welded and can only be connected with bolted flanges. Firstly, weld the seamless steel pipe onto a carbon steel flange, remove rust, and apply galvanized paint for corrosion prevention. Then install a galvanized flange on the seamless side of the stainless steel air duct connection, meeting the requirements of the specification that "stainless steel rivets should be used when riveting stainless steel air ducts and flanges; when the flange and connecting bolts are made of carbon steel, anti-corrosion measures such as chrome plating or galvanizing should be used on their surfaces". Finally, use bolts to connect the stainless steel duct flange with the seamless steel pipe flange.

　　三、不锈钢风管制作新工艺——“扳边”的优缺点经现场采用新工艺给不锈钢风管扳边制作后发现，不锈钢风管扳边加工制作的优势远远大于常规不锈钢的加工制作方式。其优缺点对比如下：

　　3、 The advantages and disadvantages of the new process of stainless steel duct production - "edge bending". After adopting the new process on site, it was found that the advantages of stainless steel duct edge bending processing are far greater than those of conventional stainless steel processing methods. The comparison of its advantages and disadvantages is as follows:

　　1.不锈钢风管扳边的优点

　　1. Advantages of stainless steel duct flange

　　（1）加工工艺简单。制作普通圆形镀锌风管常常在固定角钢法兰后需对风管端面进行扳边，所以使用机器对风管端面扳边并不是新工艺，工人对此项技术比较容易掌握，只需熟练的掌握机器操作即可。（2）加工制作成本低。如不采用不锈钢风管扳边工艺，在满足观感要求及管道强度的同时，只能采用角钢法兰不锈钢风管。扳边风管相较角钢法兰不锈钢风管而言，每节风管节约了两支不锈钢法兰及其配件，材料成本降低了20%；因为不锈钢风管要求焊接制作，此工艺节约了焊口两道，随之减少了不锈钢焊条的使用，节省了氩弧自动焊机床的机械费和降低了人工费用。（3）在保障风管质量的同时观感得到了很大提升。风管增加15?mm扳边后，该连接位置凸出了风管原材，焊接起来非常方便。且风管焊缝该范围内不会出现因焊接板材受热应力形变导致的不平整，几乎不存在焊瘤、焊渣及飞溅物。使得置于室外机库的通风管道表面观感更加平整，让过往的乘客眼中毫无违和感，大幅提升了观感度。

　　(1) The processing technology is simple. Making ordinary circular galvanized air ducts often requires trimming the end face of the duct after fixing the angle steel flange, so using a machine to edge the end face of the duct is not a new process. Workers can easily master this technique by proficiently operating the machine. (2) Low processing and manufacturing costs. If the stainless steel air duct trimming process is not used, only angle steel flange stainless steel air ducts can be used while meeting the visual requirements and pipeline strength. Compared to angle steel flange stainless steel air ducts, bent edge air ducts save two stainless steel flanges and their accessories per section, reducing material costs by 20%; Because stainless steel ducts require welding production, this process saves two welding joints, reduces the use of stainless steel welding rods, saves the mechanical cost of argon arc automatic welding machine beds, and reduces labor costs. (3) The appearance has been greatly improved while ensuring the quality of the air ducts. An increase of 15 air ducts? After the mm edge is bent, the connection position protrudes from the raw material of the air duct, making welding very convenient. And there will be no unevenness caused by thermal stress deformation of the welded plate within this range of the air duct weld, and there are almost no weld beads, welding slag, or splashes. This makes the surface of the ventilation ducts placed in the outdoor hangar appear smoother, leaving no sense of discomfort in the eyes of passing passengers and greatly enhancing the visual appeal.

　　2.不锈钢风管扳边的缺点

　　2. Disadvantages of stainless steel duct flange

　　（1）造成不锈钢板材材料增加。因不锈钢风管两端端面分别扳边15?mm，导致1?219?mm宽度的不锈钢卷材制成的风管长度为1?189?mm。每节风管不锈钢钢板材使用量增加2.4%。（2）降低了不锈钢风管强度。不锈钢风管端面扳边，扳边缝由于扭矩的原因，降低了风管强度，增加了风管撕裂风险。但经检测机构检测仍满足规范对风管强度的要求。（3）人工费的增加。不锈钢风管端面扳边需人工操作机器进行，增加了人工使用，造成了降效。

　　(1) Causing an increase in stainless steel sheet material. Because the two end faces of the stainless steel air duct are bent by 15 degrees respectively? mm， Causing 1? 219? What is the length of an air duct made of stainless steel coil with a width of mm? 189? Mm. The usage of stainless steel plates for each section of the air duct has increased by 2.4%. (2) Reduced the strength of stainless steel air ducts. The end face of the stainless steel air duct is bent, and the bending seam reduces the strength of the air duct and increases the risk of duct tearing due to torque. But after testing by the testing agency, it still meets the requirements of the standard for the strength of the air duct. (3) The increase in labor costs. The edge of stainless steel air ducts needs to be manually operated by machines, which increases the use of manual labor and results in reduced efficiency.

　　四、结语

　　4、 Conclusion

　　通过此机库排风系统不锈钢管道的施工，圆形不锈钢风管采取扳边加工制作工艺取得了重大技术性突破。在满足不锈钢风管的功能性与观感度的同时，相较于传统不锈钢风管的加工制作安装工艺，材料成本降低了约20%，人工费降低了约33%。且大幅缩短了圆形不锈钢风管的加工制作和安装周期，尤其在工期紧张的工程中优势明显。这种圆形不锈钢风管的加工制作新工艺值得在工程中借鉴和推广。

　　Through the construction of stainless steel pipes for the exhaust system of this hangar, a significant technological breakthrough has been achieved in the production of circular stainless steel ducts using the edge bending processing technology. While meeting the functionality and visual appeal of stainless steel ducts, the material cost has been reduced by about 20% and the labor cost has been reduced by about 33% compared to the traditional processing, manufacturing, and installation process of stainless steel ducts. And it significantly shortens the processing, manufacturing, and installation cycle of circular stainless steel air ducts, especially in projects with tight schedules, with obvious advantages. The new process of processing and manufacturing circular stainless steel ducts is worth learning from and promoting in engineering.

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