通风管道作为建筑通风系统的核心组件，其使用寿命直接关系到室内空气质量维护成本。要实现十年以上的稳定运行，需从材料选型、结构设计、安装工艺及维护管理四个维度进行综合考量。

　　As the core component of building ventilation systems, the service life of ventilation ducts is directly related to the maintenance cost of indoor air quality. To achieve stable operation for more than ten years, comprehensive considerations need to be made from four dimensions: material selection, structural design, installation technology, and maintenance management.

　　一、耐候性材料选型

　　1、 Selection of weather resistant materials

　　金属管道优化：镀锌钢板需选用基板厚度≥0.8mm的型号，锌层重量≥275g/㎡，某盐雾试验显示，此类材料在沿海环境下的腐蚀速率仅为普通镀锌板的。对于高腐蚀场景，建议采用316L不锈钢，其铬镍钼合金成分可抵御氯离子侵蚀，某污水处理厂应用案例中，316L管道使用后仍保持光洁表面。

　　Optimization of metal pipelines: Galvanized steel plates should be selected with a substrate thickness of ≥ 0.8mm and a zinc layer weight of ≥ 275g/㎡. A salt spray test showed that the corrosion rate of such materials in coastal environments is only that of ordinary galvanized plates. For high corrosion scenarios, it is recommended to use 316L stainless steel, whose chromium nickel molybdenum alloy composition can resist chloride ion erosion. In a certain sewage treatment plant application case, the 316L pipeline still maintains a smooth surface after use.

　　非金属管道创新：玻璃钢管道需选择食品级树脂基材，巴氏硬度≥40，某化工企业实测表明，该材料在酸雾环境中年损耗率低于。对于洁净室场景，改性聚丙烯管道因内壁光滑度达Ra0.2μm，可减少灰尘附着，某半导体工厂使用后清洗周期延长。

　　Innovation in non-metallic pipelines: Fiberglass pipelines require the selection of food grade resin substrates with a Barcol hardness of ≥ 40. Actual testing by a chemical company has shown that the material has a lower annual loss rate in acid mist environments. For clean room scenarios, modified polypropylene pipes can reduce dust adhesion due to their inner wall smoothness of Ra0.2 μ m, resulting in an extended cleaning cycle after use in a semiconductor factory.

　　二、结构抗老化设计

　　2、 Anti aging design of structure

　　管道厚度冗余：根据《通风与空调工程施工质量验收规范》，负压管道壁厚需增加，正压管道增加。某风洞试验显示，增厚设计可使管道抗变形能力提升。

　　Redundancy of pipeline thickness: According to the "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineering", the wall thickness of negative pressure pipelines needs to be increased, while that of positive pressure pipelines needs to be increased. A wind tunnel test showed that thickening design can improve the deformation resistance of pipelines.

　　连接方式革新：摒弃传统咬口连接，采用共板法兰或角钢法兰连接，并配以EPDM橡胶密封条。某医院项目对比发现，法兰连接泄漏率较咬口连接降低。

　　Innovation in connection method: Abandoning traditional bite joint connection, adopting common plate flange or angle steel flange connection, and equipped with EPDM rubber sealing strip. A comparison of a certain hospital project found that the leakage rate of flange connections is lower than that of bite connections.

　　应力消除技术：在管道转弯处设置导流叶片，某流体力学模拟表明，该设计可使局部阻力系数降低，减少气流冲击产生的疲劳损伤。

　　Stress relief technology: Install guide vanes at the turning point of the pipeline. A fluid dynamics simulation shows that this design can reduce the local resistance coefficient and minimize fatigue damage caused by airflow impact.

　　三、施工安装规范

　　3、 Construction and installation specifications

　　吊架间距控制：水平管道吊架间距按矩形风管长边尺寸确定，如长边≤1250mm时，间距≤3m。某写字楼项目因超间距安装，导致管道下垂变形。

　　Control of hanger spacing: The spacing between horizontal pipeline hangers is determined based on the length of the rectangular air duct. If the length is ≤ 1250mm, the spacing should be ≤ 3m. Due to installation beyond the spacing, the pipeline in a certain office building project has drooped and deformed.

　　密封工艺升级：法兰连接处需涂抹中性硅酮密封胶，并缠绕聚乙烯薄膜作为防潮层。某实验室加速老化试验显示，该工艺可使接头气密性保持。

　　Sealing process upgrade: Neutral silicone sealant should be applied to the flange connection and wrapped with polyethylene film as a moisture-proof layer. A laboratory accelerated aging test showed that this process can maintain the airtightness of the joint.

　　坡度设计原则：排烟管道需设置不小于3‰的排水坡度，某餐厅厨房项目因未做坡度，导致冷凝水积聚，加速管道锈蚀。

　　Slope design principle: The exhaust pipe should have a drainage slope of not less than 3 ‰. Due to the lack of slope in a certain restaurant kitchen project, condensation water accumulated, accelerating pipe corrosion.

　　四、全周期维护管理

　　4、 Full cycle maintenance management

　　初期运行调试：投产前需进行72小时满负荷试运行，检测各支路风量偏差是否超过±10%。某商场项目因未调试，导致部分区域风量不足。

　　Initial operation and debugging: Before production, a 72 hour full load trial run is required to check whether the air volume deviation of each branch exceeds ± 10%. Due to the lack of debugging, some areas of a shopping mall project have insufficient air volume.

　　定期巡检制度：建议每半年检查法兰连接螺栓紧固度，每年进行内壁腐蚀状况检测。某电厂通过该制度，提前发现管道穿孔隐患。

　　Regular inspection system: It is recommended to check the tightness of flange connection bolts every six months and conduct an annual inspection of the corrosion condition of the inner wall. A certain power plant discovered pipeline perforation hazards in advance through this system.

　　智能监测升级：部署压差传感器与颗粒物监测仪，某数据中心项目通过实时监测，使过滤网更换周期优化，能耗降低。

　　Intelligent monitoring upgrade: Deploying differential pressure sensors and particulate matter monitors, a data center project optimizes the filter replacement cycle and reduces energy consumption through real-time monitoring.

　　五、极端环境适配方案

　　5、 Extreme environment adaptation plan

　　高温场景：选用硅钛合金防火软接，耐温≥300℃，某钢铁厂高炉管道应用后，未出现软化变形。

　　High temperature scenario: Silicon titanium alloy fireproof soft joint is selected, with a temperature resistance of ≥ 300 ℃. After the application of the blast furnace pipeline in a certain steel plant, no softening deformation occurred.

　　洁净场景：采用不锈钢焊接管道，焊缝进行酸洗钝化处理，某药厂项目验证，该工艺可使洁净度达到ISO 5级。

　　Cleanliness scenario: Stainless steel welded pipes are used, and the welds are treated with acid pickling and passivation. A pharmaceutical factory project has verified that this process can achieve a cleanliness level of ISO 5.

　　抗震需求：管道与支架间加装阻尼减震器，某地震带医院项目实测，该措施使管道位移量减少。

　　Seismic requirement: Install damping shock absorbers between pipelines and supports. This measure was tested in a hospital project in an earthquake zone and reduced pipeline displacement.

　　实现通风管道十年以上使用寿命，需构建“材料-设计-施工-维护”的全生命周期管理体系。通过科学选型、规范施工及智能运维，可显著降低全生命周期成本。随着物联网技术的融入，未来通风管道将向“自适应调节、预测性维护”方向发展，为建筑环境提供更持久、高效的空气输送解决方案。

　　To achieve a service life of over ten years for ventilation ducts, a full lifecycle management system of "materials design construction maintenance" needs to be established. Through scientific selection, standardized construction, and intelligent operation and maintenance, the total lifecycle cost can be significantly reduced. With the integration of IoT technology, ventilation ducts will develop towards "adaptive regulation and predictive maintenance" in the future, providing more sustainable and efficient air delivery solutions for building environments.

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