地下室排烟管道设计是建筑防火设计中的重要环节，其合理性直接关系到火灾时人员疏散与消防救援的效率。设计过程中需严格遵循相关规范，同时规避常见误区，以下从多个维度阐述关键禁忌事项。

　　The design of basement smoke exhaust ducts is an important part of building fire protection design, and its rationality directly affects the efficiency of personnel evacuation and fire rescue during a fire. During the design process, it is necessary to strictly follow relevant specifications and avoid common misconceptions. The following elaborates on key taboos from multiple dimensions.

　　管道布局规划阶段需避免两大误区。首先，忌盲目追求最短路径而忽视防火分区划分。排烟管道穿越防火分区时，必须设置公称动作温度280℃的防火阀，且穿越处缝隙需采用不燃材料严密填塞。若为缩短管长而省略防火阀，火灾高温可能导致烟气突破防火分隔，引发火势蔓延。其次，忌将排烟口与安全出口贴邻布置。规范要求排烟口与最近安全出口边缘水平距离应大于1.5米，若违反此规定，火灾时高温烟气可能直接冲击疏散通道，威胁人员生命安全。

　　Two major misconceptions need to be avoided during the pipeline layout planning phase. Firstly, avoid blindly pursuing the shortest path and neglecting the division of fire zones. When the smoke exhaust duct passes through a fire compartment, a fire damper with a nominal operating temperature of 280 ℃ must be installed, and the gaps at the crossing must be tightly filled with non combustible materials. If the fire damper is omitted to shorten the pipe length, the high temperature of the fire may cause smoke to break through the fire separation, leading to the spread of the fire. Secondly, avoid placing smoke exhaust outlets adjacent to safety exits. The standard requires that the horizontal distance between the smoke exhaust outlet and the nearest safety exit edge should be greater than 1.5 meters. If this regulation is violated, high-temperature smoke may directly impact the evacuation passage during a fire, posing a threat to personnel safety.

　　管道系统设计存在三项核心禁忌。其一，排烟量计算忌简单套用公式。需根据空间净高、火灾荷载密度等参数综合确定，例如层高超过6米的场所，排烟量需按60m³/(h·㎡)计算，且不小于15000m³/h。其二，忌忽视管道耐火极限要求。排烟管道穿越防火分区、防火隔墙时，其隔热层厚度不应小于25mm，且管道表面温度不应超过100℃。若采用镀锌钢板等普通材料，必须外敷不燃隔热层。其三，忌将补风系统与排烟系统共用管道。补风管道需独立设置，且补风量不应小于排烟量的50%，以确保火灾时形成有效气流组织。

　　There are three core taboos in pipeline system design. Firstly, the calculation of smoke exhaust should avoid simply applying formulas. It needs to be determined comprehensively based on parameters such as spatial net height and fire load density. For example, in places with a floor height exceeding 6 meters, the smoke exhaust volume should be calculated at 60m ³/(h · ㎡) and not less than 15000m ³/h. Secondly, it is important not to overlook the fire resistance limit requirements for pipelines. When the smoke exhaust pipe passes through the fire compartment or fire partition wall, the thickness of its insulation layer should not be less than 25mm, and the surface temperature of the pipe should not exceed 100 ℃. If ordinary materials such as galvanized steel plates are used, a non combustible insulation layer must be applied externally. Thirdly, avoid sharing the ventilation system with the smoke exhaust system. The supplementary air duct should be independently installed, and the supplementary air volume should not be less than 50% of the smoke exhaust volume to ensure effective airflow organization during a fire.

　　设备选型与安装环节需规避四类问题。排烟风机忌选用普通通风机，必须采用轴流式或离心式消防排烟专用风机，其耐高温性能需满足280℃条件下连续运转30分钟的要求。管道连接忌采用非金属软连接，防火阀至排烟口段应采用金属管道，连接处需焊接或采用法兰连接并跨接接地。排烟口设置忌被装饰物遮挡，其底边距地面高度宜为2.0-2.5米，且应处于储烟仓范围内。最后，忌忽视系统调试环节，需通过联动测试验证排烟口开启、风机启动、防火阀关闭等动作的时序性，确保火灾时系统能按预设逻辑运行。

　　There are four types of issues that need to be avoided in the equipment selection and installation process. Ordinary ventilation fans should not be used for smoke exhaust. Axial or centrifugal fire-fighting smoke exhaust fans must be used, and their high temperature resistance must meet the requirement of continuous operation for 30 minutes at 280 ℃. Non metallic soft connections should not be used for pipeline connections. The section from the fire damper to the exhaust outlet should use metal pipelines, and the connection should be welded or flanged and grounded. The smoke exhaust outlet should not be obstructed by decorations, and its bottom edge should be 2.0-2.5 meters above the ground, and it should be located within the range of the smoke storage compartment. Finally, do not neglect the system debugging process. It is necessary to verify the timing of actions such as opening the smoke exhaust outlet, starting the fan, and closing the fire damper through linkage testing to ensure that the system can operate according to the preset logic during a fire.

　　特殊场景设计需注意五项要点。地下汽车库忌将排烟管道与排风管道合并，排烟口应沿车行方向均匀布置，且与最远点水平距离不应大于30米。设备用房排烟系统忌与通风系统混用，配电室、发电机房等应设置独立机械排烟设施。对于超长地下室，忌设置单一排烟系统，当长度超过60米时，应划分防烟分区并设置机械排烟系统。自然排烟窗忌设置在走道端部，其开启面积应满足规范要求，且手动开启装置距地面高度宜为1.3-1.5米。最后，忌忽视日常维护管理，需定期清理管道积尘，检查防火阀、排烟口等部件功能，确保系统始终处于良好战备状态。

　　Special scenario design should pay attention to five key points. Underground garages should avoid merging smoke exhaust pipes with exhaust ducts. Smoke exhaust outlets should be evenly arranged along the direction of vehicle travel, and the horizontal distance from the farthest point should not exceed 30 meters. The smoke exhaust system in the equipment room should not be mixed with the ventilation system, and independent mechanical smoke exhaust facilities should be installed in the distribution room, generator room, etc. For ultra long basements, it is forbidden to install a single smoke exhaust system. When the length exceeds 60 meters, smoke prevention zones should be divided and mechanical smoke exhaust systems should be installed. Natural smoke exhaust windows should not be installed at the end of the aisle, and their opening area should meet the regulatory requirements. The height of the manual opening device from the ground should be 1.3-1.5 meters. Finally, it is important not to neglect daily maintenance and management. It is necessary to regularly clean up dust accumulation in pipelines, check the functionality of components such as fire dampers and exhaust vents, and ensure that the system is always in good combat readiness.

　　地下室排烟管道设计需兼顾规范性与实用性，通过科学计算、合理选型、精细施工，构建可靠的防火生命线。设计人员应深入理解规范内涵，避免经验主义错误，以专业素养守护建筑消防安全。

　　The design of basement smoke exhaust pipes should balance standardization and practicality, and build a reliable fire lifeline through scientific calculation, reasonable selection, and meticulous construction. Designers should have a deep understanding of the connotation of standards, avoid empirical errors, and safeguard building fire safety with professional competence.

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