通风管道工程是建筑环境调控系统的核心组成部分，其施工质量直接影响室内空气质量、能耗效率及人员舒适度。本文从工艺流程、质量控制、安全环保三大维度，系统阐述现代通风管道工程的实施要点。

　　Ventilation duct engineering is a core component of building environmental control systems, and its construction quality directly affects indoor air quality, energy efficiency, and personnel comfort. This article systematically elaborates on the implementation points of modern ventilation duct engineering from three dimensions: process flow, quality control, and safety and environmental protection.

　　一、工程概况与施工准备

　　1、 Project Overview and Construction Preparation

　　通风管道工程涵盖风管制作、安装、调试全周期，常见于商业综合体、工业厂房及医疗净化场所。施工前需完成以下准备工作：

　　Ventilation duct engineering covers the entire cycle of duct production, installation, and commissioning, and is commonly found in commercial complexes, industrial plants, and medical purification facilities. The following preparations need to be completed before construction:

　　图纸深化设计

　　Detailed design of drawings

　　基于建筑平面图与机电综合管线图，优化风管走向与标高，避免与消防喷淋、电气桥架交叉冲突。某医院手术室项目通过BIM技术模拟，将风管碰撞点减少，提升净空高度。

　　Based on the architectural floor plan and the comprehensive mechanical and electrical pipeline diagram, optimize the direction and elevation of the air ducts to avoid conflicts with fire sprinklers and electrical cable trays. The operating room project of a certain hospital uses BIM technology simulation to reduce the collision points of air ducts and improve the clearance height.

　　材料选型与检验

　　Material selection and inspection

　　镀锌钢板、不锈钢板或复合板材需符合GB/T 2518标准，厚度偏差≤±0.05mm。进场材料需提供质保书与检测报告，并抽样进行耐腐蚀、防火性能测试。

　　Galvanized steel plates, stainless steel plates or composite plates shall comply with the GB/T 2518 standard, with a thickness deviation of ≤± 0.05mm. Materials entering the site shall provide quality assurance certificates and testing reports, and be sampled for corrosion resistance and fire resistance performance testing.

　　施工设备配置

　　Construction equipment configuration

　　配备全自动风管生产线、等离子切割机、角钢法兰自动焊机等设备，确保加工精度。某机场航站楼项目采用数控折边机，风管咬口平整度达0.5mm/m。

　　Equipped with fully automatic air duct production line, plasma cutting machine, angle steel flange automatic welding machine and other equipment to ensure processing accuracy. The terminal project of a certain airport adopts a CNC folding machine, and the flatness of the air duct bite reaches 0.5mm/m.

　　二、核心工艺与施工要点

　　2、 Core technology and construction key points

　　风管制作

　　Duct production

　　下料成型：采用激光切割替代传统剪板机，切口光洁度提升，减少毛刺对气流的扰动。

　　Cutting and forming: Laser cutting is used instead of traditional shearing machines to improve the smoothness of the incision and reduce the disturbance of burrs on the airflow.

　　加固处理：大口径风管（≥1250mm）需增设角钢加固框，间距≤800mm，防止变形。

　　Reinforcement treatment: For large-diameter air ducts (≥ 1250mm), angle steel reinforcement frames should be added with a spacing of ≤ 800mm to prevent deformation.

　　密封工艺：法兰连接处采用闭孔海绵橡胶条，压缩率控制，确保漏风量≤2%。

　　Sealing process: Closed cell sponge rubber strips are used at the flange connection, with compression rate control to ensure air leakage is ≤ 2%.

　　管道安装

　　Pipeline installation

　　支吊架系统：水平风管间距≤3m，垂直风管间距≤4m，采用减震吊架降低噪声。某数据中心项目通过弹簧减震器，将设备振动传递降低。

　　Support and hanger system: Horizontal air duct spacing ≤ 3m, vertical air duct spacing ≤ 4m, using shock-absorbing hangers to reduce noise. A data center project uses spring dampers to reduce equipment vibration transmission.

　　连接方式：低压系统（P≤500Pa）优先采用共板法兰连接，高压系统（P>1500Pa）需焊接或法兰螺栓连接。

　　Connection method: For low-pressure systems (P ≤ 500Pa), common plate flange connection is preferred, while for high-pressure systems (P>1500Pa), welding or flange bolt connection is required.

　　部件安装：防火阀、调节阀需设置独立支吊架，距墙距离≥200mm，便于检修。

　　Component installation: Fire dampers and regulating valves need to be equipped with independent supports and hangers, with a distance of ≥ 200mm from the wall for easy maintenance.

　　系统调试

　　System debugging

　　漏光检测：低压系统用不低于100W带保护罩的低压照明灯，中压系统用100W灯泡，沿检测部位缓慢移动，发现漏光点做标记修补。

　　Leakage detection: Low voltage systems use low-voltage lighting fixtures with protective covers of no less than 100W, while medium voltage systems use 100W bulbs. Slowly move along the detection area and mark and repair any leakage points found.

　　风量平衡：通过变频器调节风机转速，使各风口风速偏差≤15%。某办公楼项目采用智能风量平衡仪，调试周期缩短。

　　Airflow balance: Adjust the fan speed through a frequency converter to ensure that the wind speed deviation at each outlet is ≤ 15%. A certain office building project adopts an intelligent air volume balance meter, which shortens the debugging cycle.

　　三、质量控制与验收标准

　　3、 Quality Control and Acceptance Standards

　　过程监控

　　Process monitoring

　　实施“三检制”：班组自检、工序交接检、专职质检员专检，隐蔽工程需留存影像资料。

　　Implement the "three inspection system": team self inspection, process handover inspection, dedicated quality inspector inspection, and concealed works need to retain image data.

　　关键节点验收：如法兰密封性、支吊架承载力等，需经监理单位确认。

　　Key node acceptance: such as flange sealing, support and hanger bearing capacity, etc., need to be confirmed by the supervision unit.

　　成品保护

　　Finished product protection

　　风管堆放场地需平整，覆盖防雨布，避免积水锈蚀。

　　The storage area for air ducts should be flat and covered with rainproof cloth to avoid water accumulation and corrosion.

　　安装完成后用塑料薄膜包裹，防止交叉施工污染。

　　After installation, wrap it with plastic film to prevent cross construction pollution.

　　验收规范

　　Acceptance standards

　　依据GB 50243《通风与空调工程施工质量验收规范》，重点检测：

　　According to GB 50243 "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineering", the key tests are:

　　风管强度与严密性：低压系统漏风量≤0.1056Pa·m?/(h·㎡)

　　Duct strength and tightness: Low pressure system air leakage ≤ 0.1056Pa · m? /(h·㎡)

　　风口风速偏差：≤额定值的±10%

　　Wind speed deviation at the air outlet: ≤ ± 10% of the rated value

　　系统噪声：较设计值低

　　System noise: lower than the design value

　　四、安全文明施工措施

　　4、 Safe and civilized construction measures

　　高空作业防护

　　High altitude operation protection

　　超过2m作业需佩戴五点式安全带，脚手架搭设符合JGJ 130规范，铺设防滑踏板。

　　Five point safety belts must be worn for operations exceeding 2 meters, scaffolding must be erected in accordance with JGJ 130 standards, and anti slip pedals must be installed.

　　动火管理

　　Hot work management

　　焊接作业前办理动火证，配备灭火器与接火盆，周边易燃物清理≥10m。

　　Apply for a hot work permit before welding operations, equip with fire extinguishers and fire pots, and clean up flammable materials in the surrounding area for at least 10m.

　　扬尘控制

　　Dust control

　　切割作业在封闭工棚内进行，配备移动式除尘器，现场PM2.5浓度≤75μg/m?。

　　The cutting operation is carried out in a closed work shed, equipped with a mobile dust collector, and the on-site PM2.5 concentration is ≤ 75 μ g/m?.

　　五、技术创新与趋势

　　5、 Technological Innovation and Trends

　　装配式施工

　　Prefabricated construction

　　采用预制化风管模块，现场螺栓连接，工期缩短，某商业综合体项目应用后，施工垃圾减少。

　　By using prefabricated air duct modules and on-site bolt connections, the construction period has been shortened, and after the application of a commercial complex project, construction waste has been reduced.

　　智能监测

　　Intelligent monitoring

　　风管内嵌温湿度、压力传感器，接入建筑能效管理系统，实现实时调优。

　　The air duct is embedded with temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors, which are connected to the building energy efficiency management system to achieve real-time optimization.

　　绿色材料

　　Green materials

　　推广酚醛泡沫、玻璃棉等环保保温材料，燃烧性能达A级，降低火灾风险。

　　Promote phenolic foam, glass wool and other environmental protection and thermal insulation materials, with combustion performance reaching Class A and reducing fire risk.

　　通风管道工程是建筑机电系统的“呼吸通道”，其施工需兼顾功能性、经济性与环保性。通过精细化工艺控制、智能化调试手段及绿色材料应用，可显著提升系统效能，为建筑使用者创造健康、舒适的环境。随着BIM技术、物联网的深度融合，通风管道工程正向数字化、低碳化方向加速演进。

　　Ventilation duct engineering is the "breathing channel" of building electromechanical systems, and its construction needs to balance functionality, economy, and environmental protection. Through refined process control, intelligent debugging methods, and the application of green materials, system efficiency can be significantly improved, creating a healthy and comfortable environment for building users. With the deep integration of BIM technology and the Internet of Things, ventilation duct engineering is rapidly evolving towards digitalization and low-carbon direction.

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