测量管道的实际尺寸

　　Measure the actual size of the pipeline

　　1.管道测量

　　1. Pipeline measurement

　　对于圆形通风管道，使用卷尺或游标卡尺测量其内径或外径。测量内径时，将卡尺的卡爪伸入管道内部，测量相对两点之间的距离；测量外径则直接在管道外侧进行测量。若管道较长，可在多个位置进行测量，取平均值，以确保测量结果的准确性。通过精确测量得到的尺寸数据，与标注规格进行对比，判断管道是否符合要求。

　　For circular ventilation ducts, use a tape measure or vernier caliper to measure their inner or outer diameter. When measuring the inner diameter, insert the jaws of the caliper into the interior of the pipeline and measure the distance between two relative points; Measure the outer diameter directly on the outside of the pipeline. If the pipeline is long, measurements can be taken at multiple locations and the average value can be taken to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results. Compare the dimensional data obtained through precise measurement with the labeled specifications to determine whether the pipeline meets the requirements. 

　　2.管道测量

　　2. Pipeline measurement

　　测量矩形通风管道时，分别测量其长、宽和壁厚。长和宽的测量较为简单，用卷尺沿着管道的边缘测量即可；壁厚测量则需要借助游标卡尺，在管道的边缘处选取多个点进行测量，因为管道壁厚可能存在一定的误差，多点测量能更准确地反映其实际壁厚情况。将测量结果与标注信息核对，从而区分不同规格的矩形通风管道。

　　When measuring rectangular ventilation ducts, measure their length, width, and wall thickness separately. The measurement of length and width is relatively simple, just use a tape measure to measure along the edge of the pipeline; Wall thickness measurement requires the use of a vernier caliper to select multiple points at the edge of the pipeline for measurement, as there may be some errors in the pipeline wall thickness. Multi point measurement can more accurately reflect its actual wall thickness situation. Compare the measurement results with the labeled information to distinguish rectangular ventilation ducts of different specifications.

　　辨别管道的材质特性

　　Identify the material characteristics of pipelines

　　1.材质管道

　　1. Material pipeline

　　镀锌钢板管道：表面有明显的镀锌层，呈现银白色金属光泽，且带有规则的锌花图案。用手触摸表面光滑平整，硬度适中，敲击时会发出清脆的金属声。镀锌钢板管道耐腐蚀性较好，常用于一般的通风换气系统，如建筑的新风系统、空调送风管道等。

　　Galvanized steel pipe: The surface has a clear galvanized layer, presenting a silver white metallic luster, and has a regular zinc flower pattern. The surface is smooth and flat when touched by hand, with moderate hardness, and a crisp metallic sound will be emitted when struck. Galvanized steel sheet pipes have good corrosion resistance and are commonly used in general ventilation systems, such as building fresh air systems, air conditioning supply ducts, etc. 

　　不锈钢管道：外观光亮，颜色比镀锌钢板更白亮，表面无锌花。不锈钢管道硬度高，耐腐蚀性极强，尤其适用于潮湿、有腐蚀性气体的环境，如厨房油烟排放管道、化工车间的通风管道等。通过观察颜色、触感以及硬度等特性，可区分镀锌钢板和不锈钢材质的通风管道。

　　Stainless steel pipeline: The appearance is bright, the color is whiter and brighter than galvanized steel plate, and there is no zinc flower on the surface. Stainless steel pipes have high hardness and strong corrosion resistance, especially suitable for humid and corrosive gas environments, such as kitchen fume exhaust pipes and ventilation pipes in chemical workshops. By observing the characteristics of color, texture, and hardness, it is possible to distinguish between galvanized steel sheet and stainless steel material ventilation ducts. 

　　2.属材质管道

　　2. Belonging to material pipeline

　　PVC 塑料管道：颜色多样，常见白色、灰色等，质地较轻，柔韧性较好。用手按压管道表面，会有一定的弹性变形，松开后能恢复原状。PVC 管道耐酸碱腐蚀，常用于卫生间排风、实验室通风等对耐腐蚀性有要求的场所。

　　PVC plastic pipes: available in various colors, commonly white, gray, etc., with a light texture and good flexibility. Pressing the surface of the pipeline with your hand will cause some elastic deformation, but it can be restored to its original state after release. PVC pipes are resistant to acid and alkali corrosion and are commonly used in places where corrosion resistance is required, such as bathroom ventilation and laboratory ventilation. 

　　玻璃钢管道：表面光滑，颜色丰富，常见黄色、绿色等。玻璃钢管道强度高、重量轻，具有良好的耐腐蚀性和绝缘性，广泛应用于化工、电力等行业的通风系统，以及地下通风管道等。可以根据材质的颜色、重量和物理特性，区分不同的非金属通风管道。

　　Fiberglass pipeline: Smooth surface, rich colors, commonly yellow, green, etc. Fiberglass pipes have high strength, light weight, good corrosion resistance and insulation properties, and are widely used in ventilation systems in industries such as chemical and power, as well as underground ventilation ducts. Different non-metallic ventilation ducts can be distinguished based on their color, weight, and physical properties.

　　依据管道的功能用途区分

　　Differentiate based on the functional use of the pipeline

　　1.换气管道

　　1. Ventilation pipeline

　　用于一般通风换气的管道，如建筑的室内通风系统，通常对管道的密封性、通风量有要求，规格大小根据建筑物的面积、使用人数等因素确定。这类管道尺寸较为规整，材质多为镀锌钢板或 PVC 塑料，安装时注重管道的连接密封性，以保证良好的通风效果。

　　The ducts used for general ventilation, such as indoor ventilation systems in buildings, usually have requirements for the sealing and ventilation volume of the ducts. The size of the ducts is determined based on factors such as the area of the building and the number of users. These types of pipelines have relatively regular sizes and are mostly made of galvanized steel plates or PVC plastic. When installing, attention should be paid to the connection and sealing of the pipelines to ensure good ventilation. 

　　2.送风管道

　　2. Air supply duct

　　空调送风管道除了要满足通风要求外，还需考虑保温性能，防止在输送冷空气或热空气时出现能量损耗。因此，管道外部通常会包裹保温材料，如橡塑保温棉、玻璃棉等。管道的规格根据空调系统的制冷（热）量、送风距离等确定，与普通通风换气管道在外观和功能上有明显区别。

　　In addition to meeting ventilation requirements, air conditioning supply ducts also need to consider insulation performance to prevent energy loss when transporting cold or hot air. Therefore, insulation materials such as rubber insulation cotton, glass wool, etc. are usually wrapped around the outside of the pipeline. The specifications of the pipeline are determined based on the cooling (heating) capacity and air supply distance of the air conditioning system, and there are significant differences in appearance and function compared to ordinary ventilation ducts. 

　　3.排气管道

　　3. Exhaust pipe

　　工业排气管道用于排放工业生产过程中产生的废气、粉尘等污染物，对管道的耐磨性、耐高温性和耐腐蚀性要求较高。根据不同的工业生产需求，会选用不同材质和规格的管道，如高温烟气排放可能采用不锈钢或陶瓷内衬的管道；排放含有粉尘的废气，可能会选择内壁光滑、耐磨性好的管道，并配备相应的除尘设备接口。通过了解管道的使用场景和功能需求，能有效区分不同规格的工业排气管道。

　　Industrial exhaust pipes are used to discharge pollutants such as exhaust gas and dust generated during industrial production processes, and require high wear resistance, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance of the pipes. According to different industrial production needs, pipes of different materials and specifications may be selected. For example, pipes with stainless steel or ceramic lining may be used for high-temperature flue gas emissions; When discharging exhaust gases containing dust, it is possible to choose pipelines with smooth inner walls and good wear resistance, and equip them with corresponding dust removal equipment interfaces. By understanding the usage scenarios and functional requirements of pipelines, it is possible to effectively distinguish between industrial exhaust pipelines of different specifications.

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